102 | COSERE Knowing about these stages can help teachers and students deal with conflicts better in school and hopefully keep things chill. When we talk about conflict management, we refer to a tool that involves addressing and resolving these disputes or disagreements. In school, the main roles could be: staff, students, parents, and other stakeholders. We want to promote conflict management to promote positive relationships, collaboration, and a healthy school culture. For general understanding, the term “school culture” refers, at a formal level, to the set of policies and programs that are applied within a school setting; at an informal level, it also includes the behaviours, attitudes, and unwritten rules that apply within the school. Whereas “school climate” refers to the atmosphere within the school setting, which considers the emotional, relational, and social spheres of the people within it. Main Factors leading to a conflict situation Conflicts at school can emerge due to a multitude of factors, intricately linked to social, personal, and environmental dynamics within the school community. For good School Leadership, it is critical to take these into account because they, too, can give us important information about the characteristics of the conflict itself, as well as how an effective solution can be structured. We will list here to simplify what the main factors are that can lead to conflict situations: Individual differences Students, teachers, staff, all of them have different personalities, learning styles, values, and cultural backgrounds. These differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts. Bullying and Inappropriate Behaviours Harassment, in the form of verbal, physical, psychological, and/or online aggression, can trigger conflicts. Improper behaviours such as gossip and rudeness can also cause tensions. Discriminatory actions (e.g., based on ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, disability, or economic class) and the resulting state of tension can likewise generate conflicts. This also applies to teaching and school personnel, where misconduct and discriminatory behaviour may occur. Competition Competition for academic, sports, or social achievements can lead to rivalry among students, causing conflicts and tensions. This may also apply to rivalry between two or more teachers or staff members
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