COSERE | 129 Among these factors, loss of autonomy emerges as one of the most significant and critical contributors to burnout. • Managerial problems such as ambiguous role expectations and unjustified time demands are often cited as causes of professional burnout. Other contributing factors may include large class sizes, poor employee relations, inadequate facilities and equipment, low salaries, limited resources, feelings of isolation, fear of violence, and disruptive student behaviours. Work characteristics such as excessive workload and time constraints on employees are commonly associated with professional burnout. • Role conflicts and ambiguity within schools have been identified as contributing factors to teachers’ professional burnout. This occurs when a teacher’s role entails conflicting demands and unclear responsibilities (Maslach et al., 2001). Additionally, environmental factors such as noise and heat can also contribute to occupational burnout. • Furthermore, a lack of job autonomy or control, defined as the freedom to make decisions, heightens the risk of professional burnout. According to Maslach and Leiter, ‘When individuals lack control over key aspects of their work, it inhibits their ability to address challenges.’ Insufficient resources also contribute to burnout, particularly when there is a lack of support from management and colleagues. In summary, the causes of professional burnout can be outlined as follows: • Lack of autonomy: Employees feel disempowered when they are not allowed to make decisions related to their work, such as setting their work schedule or defining tasks. • Unclear expectations: When employees are unsure about their roles and responsibilities, and when their supervisors fail to provide clear guidance. • Unhealthy work environment: Toxic relationships among colleagues, unhealthy competition, manipulative behaviours, and undermining can contribute to burnout. • Challenging schedule: Monotonous or chaotic work schedules that lead to constant stress and energy depletion. • Lack of emotional support: Feeling isolated both at work and in personal life can exacerbate burnout. • Limited personal life: When work consumes most of our time, leaving little room for personal pursuits. These factors, among others, contribute to the development of professional burnout
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